part of his nature or existence. He does not exist in time or as part of the cause-and-effect networks in terms of which creatures exist and relate within the world order. Nothing temporal affects his existence, knowledge, or will. In other words, classical theism affirms that God is eternal and immutable even in relationship with his creation. Classical theism is not the exclusive property of traditional Christianity. Traditional Jewish and Islamic theologians endorsed it as well.5 Most Deists at